Unlimited Martial Arts

The Japanese word Aikido (合気道) consists of three characters, which are 合 (ai: unity, harmony), 気 (ki: spirit, life energy, fundamental force of the universe), and 道 (dō: way, path). The term aiki was mastered for the purpose of killing. However, in Aikido, one seeks to neutralize an aggressor without causing harm or injury. The founder of Aikido declared, "To control aggression without inflicting injury is the Art of Peace." A number of Aikido practitioners interpret Aikido metaphorically, seeing parallels between Aikido techniques and other methods for conflict resolution by harmonizing with the fundamental of the universe. So, Aikido can be translated as "the way of unity with the fundamental force of the universe". Refers to the martial arts principle or tactic of blending with an attacker's movements for the purpose of controlling their actions with minimal effort. One applies by understanding the rhythm and intent of the attacker to find the optimal position and timing to apply a counter-technique.

Aikido is not just an ordinary martial art, it is a true Budo (martial way). It has evolved in the historic tradition of Japanese warrior arts. It must be understood that studies in earnest Budo is more than a science of tactics and self-defense, it is a discipline for perfecting the spirit.

Aikido was developed by Morihei Ueshiba (植芝 盛平 Ueshiba Morihei, 14 December 1883-26 April 1969). He is known to thousands Aikidoka (Aikido practitioner) throughout the world as O-Sensei (Great Teacher). Even as a young man, Morihei Ueshiba was an extraordinary martial artist. He was a master of the sword, the staff, the spear, as well as the art of jujutsu. But he also had a strong spiritual drive, and brooded over the futility of a path based on victory over others.

Leading a life of austerity and rigorous training, Morihei struggled with this dilemma. He delved deeply into the study of religion, especially Shinto (Japan’s native religion of nature worship). The dilemma was resolved in a moment of profound awakening. Transformed by his spiritual insights, Morihei transmuted his technical mastery of traditional martial arts into a new form of martial art. The art of Aikido was one that was fundamentally different from those that preceded it. It was also one of refinement and astonishing power.

"The secret of Aikido," he wrote, "is to harmonize with the movement of the universe and bring ourselves into accord with the universe itself."

Morihei maintained that Budo is a work of love, a path to overcome discord in ourselves and bring peace to the world, "To make the heart of the universe one's own heart." He taught that true awareness is not grasped by intellect alone. "This is not mere theory," he said. "You must practice it."

Dynamics Of Aikido

The essence of all Aikido technique is the use of total body movements to create spherical motion around a stable, energized center. Even when a technique appears to be using only one part of the body, close observation reveals the Aikidoka movements are, in fact, total body movements. Properly executed, some techniques are spectacular, sending an opponent flying thorough the air. Others are small, deft movements that immobilize the aggressor. Both results are achieved through precise use of leverage, inertia, gravity, and the action of centrifugal and centripetal forces. Ultimately, it is the energy of the attack itself which brings down the attacker.

Aikido Training

The final aim of Budo is personal transformation. Its goal is the creation of integrated human beings who are able to bring the totality of their wisdom and capabilities in order to resolve a problem. Yet philosophical discussion is rare in the dojo (training hall). The focus is highly practical. Constant repetition to master the fundamentals of movement, timing and breathing is the fundamental requirement. Students train themselves to capture the opponent's action and redirect it with techniques of martial efficiency and power. At the same time, they become aware of the tendency to overreact to opposition, and learn to remain "centered" under all conditions.

Most practice is done with a partner. Each works at his or her own level of ability, alternating as uke (the attacker), and nage (the one who receives the attack). Both roles are stressed as each contributes skills that enhance overall sensitivity and control.

Increased stamina, flexibility, and muscle development occur naturally as a result of training, but the techniques themselves do not depend on strength for effectiveness. Since Aikido's movements and techniques arise from the most efficient utilization of the entire being, great power can be developed by the practitioner, regardless of physical strength. Aikido practice encompasses a broad range of training styles, and allows people to train based on their individual stage of development. As a result, Aikido can be practiced by men, women and children of all ages.

Centering

The Aikidoka develops a relaxed posture in which the weight of the body is directed towards its physiologic center in the lower abdomen. Gravity is no longer a force to be overcome. Rather it serves to support and stabilize posture. As a result, ordinary movement assumes an appearance of grace and economy. The effects of centering are mental as well as physical. In addition vitality increases, the senses are sharpened, and one is less affected by the irritations and annoyances of daily living. This state is referred to in Japan as having hara, or strong ki. It is a manifestation of the inner quality which aids the student of Aikido to develop to his or her fullest potential in every area of life.

Ki

The study of ki is a critical component of Aikido and its study defies categorization as either "physical" or "mental" training, as it encompasses both. The original kanji for ki was 氣. It symbolize representation of a lid covering a pot full of rice, the "nourishing vapors" contained within are ki. Ki is most often understood as unified physical and mental intention, however it is often found in traditional martial arts related with "life energy". Gozo Shioda's Yoshinkan Aikido, considered one of the 'hard styles', largely follows Morihei's teachings from before World War II, which still much influence of Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu, and surmises that the secret to ki lies in timing and the application of the whole body's strength to a single point. In later years, Morihei's application of ki in Aikido took on a softer, more gentle feel. This was his Takemusu Aiki and many of his later students teach about ki from this perspective. Koichi Tohei's Ki Society centers almost exclusively around the study of the empirical experience of ki with students ranked separately in Aikido techniques and ki development.